Background Campylobacter jejuni is a globally significant enteric pathogen primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water. It causes severe symptoms such as diarrhoea and abdominal pain, particularly in young children and immunocompromised individuals. Given its widespread transmission routes and high infection rates, identifying safe and effective preventive and therapeutic measures is an urgent priority. This paper presents research on the inhibitory effects of 2′-FL against Campylobacter infection and its anti-inflammatory properties. Through a series of in vitro cellular experiments and in vivo animal model studies, the research explores the specific mechanisms by which 2′-FL mitigates inflammation induced by Campylobacter. Research Design and Methods This study investigated the anti-infective and anti-inflammatory effects of 2′-FL through in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro experiments utilised human intestinal epithelial cell lines HEp-2 and HT-29 to evaluate the inhibitory effect of 2′-FL on Campylobacter jejuni invasion. In vivo experiments employed a C57BL/6 mouse model, dividedcontrol and 2′-FL supplementation groups, to assess bacterial load and inflammatory response in the gut post-infection. Key Findings 1. Anti-infective Effects of 2′-FL Research indicates that 2′-FL significantly inhibits the invasion and infection of Campylobacter jejuni both in vitro and in vivo. In cellular experiments, 2′-FL markedly reduced bacterial invasion rates by blocking the binding of C. jejuni to host cells (see Figure 1). Specifically, 2′-FL exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of C. jejuni invasion, demonstrating significant efficacy in both HEp-2 and HT-29 cell lines. Figure 1: Schematic representation of the inhibitory effects of 2′-FL on C. jejuni infection and inflammatory responses 2. 2′-FL reduces inflammatory responses Beyond its anti-infective effects, 2′-FL significantly diminished the inflammatory response induced by C. jejuni infection. Research indicates that 2′-FL markedly inhibits the release of post-infection inflammatory markers (such as IL-8, IL-1β, MIP-2, and TNF-α) while downregulating the expression of corresponding genes (see Figure 2). This demonstrates that 2′-FL possesses significant anti-inflammatory properties, potentially achieved through modulating the host's immune response. Figure 2: Effect of 2′-FL on the Release of Inflammatory Markers 3. In Vivo Experimental Results In animal studies, mice supplemented with 2′-FL demonstrated enhanced resistance to Campylobacter jejuni infection. Compared to the control group, supplemented mice exhibited significantly reduced bacterial loads in the gut and markedly suppressed inflammatory responses (see Figure 3). These findings indicate that 2′-FL not only performs excellently in vitro but also exhibits significant anti-infective and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. Figure 3: Effect of 2′-FL on the abundance of C. jejuni in the mouse gut 4. Mechanism of Action The mechanism of action of 2′-FL primarily involves its role as a competitive inhibitor of bacterial binding sites. Campylobacter jejuni achieves infection by binding to glycan structures on the surface of host cells. The structural similarity of 2′-FL to these glycans enables it to competitively bind with C. jejuni, thereby preventing interaction between the pathogen and host cells. Furthermore, 2′-FL may enhance anti-infective capacity by modulating the host immune response and strengthening the intestinal barrier function. Discussion and Outlook This study systematically demonstrates the potential application of 2′-FL in preventing and suppressing C. jejuni infection and the inflammation it induces. This not only reveals the potential of 2′-FL as a natural antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent but also provides crucial evidence for developing novel strategies to prevent and treat C. jejuni infection. The use of 2′-FL can effectively reduce the infection rate of C. jejuni while mitigating the inflammatory response it triggers, thereby improving patients' quality of life. By employing 2′-FL, a safe and effective natural substance, it is anticipated that the incidence and severity of C. jejuni infections may be reduced. Future research could further explore the efficacy of 2′-FL across different populations, as well as its potential for combination use with other antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents. Reference [1].Yu, Z.-T., Nanthakumar, N. N., & Newburg, D. S. (2016). 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